Biochar modification and application to improve soil fertility and crop productivity

Abstract Biochar as an eco-friendly and low-cost product has the potential for modification to improve its functionality. The application of modified biochar is a new approach that can soil properties, quality, productivity plants, thereby helping sustainable agriculture. focus recent studies dealt with methods improving function biochar. be enhance physicochemical properties (such bulk density, cation exchange capacity, specific surface area, porosity) nutritional value. This review provides crucial summarizing information about classification techniques agricultural comparison pristine on fertility plant production. There are several approaches biochar, which divided into four main categories: chemical, physical, enriched minerals, nanocomposites. could more appropriate poor-nutrient soils high adsorption capacity different pollutants immobilization. Further research needed determine best short-term long-term effects growth under environmental conditions.